Dr Nelson Junghare- Laparoscopic and Hernia Surgeon in Nerul

Piles

Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus, similar to varicose veins. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Piles are often associated with symptoms like itching, discomfort, pain, and bleeding during bowel movements. In some cases, they may lead to complications, such as a blood clot in the hemorrhoid (thrombosed hemorrhoid), which can cause severe pain.

Causes of Piles

Straining during bowel movements
Chronic constipation or diarrhea
Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet
A low-fiber diet
Obesity
Pregnancy, due to increased pressure on pelvic veins

ZSR / Stapler

ZSR or stapler circumcision is a modern, minimally invasive technique that uses a specialized disposable stapler device to perform circumcision with precision and efficiency. The device simultaneously cuts and seals the foreskin using biocompatible staples, reducing bleeding and operative time compared to traditional methods. The procedure is quick, typically lasting 5–10 minutes, and results in minimal pain and faster recovery. It is commonly used for conditions like phimosis, paraphimosis, or recurrent infections and is also chosen for personal or cultural reasons. With its neat cosmetic outcomes and reduced risk of complications, ZSR circumcision is increasingly preferred by patients and surgeons alike.

Hernia

A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the muscles or connective tissue, usually in the abdominal wall. It often appears as a noticeable bulge and can be painful, especially when straining, coughing, or lifting. There are various types of hernias, each with distinct characteristics and risk factors.

Types of Hernias

Inguinal Hernia: Occurs in the groin area; the most common type, especially in men.
Femoral Hernia: Appears in the upper thigh, more common in women.
Umbilical Hernia: Occurs around the belly button, often seen in newborns but can also affect adults.
Incisional Hernia: Occurs through a scar or incision from previous abdominal surgery.

Fissure

An anal fissure is a small tear or cut in the skin around the anus, typically caused by trauma during bowel movements, especially when passing large or hard stools. It can be very painful and is often accompanied by bleeding. Fissures can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term), depending on their duration and severity.

Causes of Anal Fissures

Constipation and Straining: The most common cause, especially when passing large or hard stools.
Diarrhea: Frequent loose stools can irritate the anal area and lead to fissures.
Childbirth: Vaginal delivery can cause trauma to the anal region, leading to fissures.
Anal Intercourse: Can result in injury or trauma to the anal canal.

Appendix

The appendix is a small, tube-like structure attached to the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen. While its exact function is unclear, it's thought to play a role in the immune system, especially in young people. However, people can live a healthy life without it, as its removal does not impact digestion or immune function.

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, usually due to a blockage caused by stool, a foreign body, or infection. When blocked, the appendix swells, leading to bacterial growth and infection. If untreated, the appendix can burst, causing a serious infection in the abdomen (peritonitis).

Symptoms of Appendicitis

Pain in the Lower Right Abdomen: Begins around the belly button and then moves to the lower right side.
Loss of Appetite: Often accompanies abdominal pain.
Nausea and Vomiting: Occurs soon after the pain begins.

Fistula

An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel or connection that forms between the inside of the anal canal and the skin near the anus. It is often caused by an infection in an anal gland that forms an abscess, which can then create a tunnel to the surface as it tries to drain. Fistulas can cause discomfort, pain, and recurrent infections, and they generally require medical treatment to heal.

Causes of Anal Fistula

Abscess Formation: Most fistulas are the result of an anal abscess that didn’t completely heal or was inadequately drained.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Conditions like Crohn’s disease increase the risk of fistula formation due to chronic inflammation.
Infections: Tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, and other infections can lead to fistulas.
Trauma or Surgery: Injury or surgical procedures in the anal area can occasionally lead to fistula formation.

Gall Stone

Gallstones are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver that stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Gallstones can vary in size, ranging from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball, and they may cause no symptoms or significant pain if they block the flow of bile.

Types of Gallstones

Cholesterol Gallstones: The most common type, made mostly of hardened cholesterol. These form when there is too much cholesterol in the bile or the gallbladder does not empty effectively.
Pigment Gallstones: These are smaller, darker stones that form due to excess bilirubin in the bile. Pigment stones are more commonly associated with certain medical conditions, such as liver cirrhosis, biliary tract infections, or blood disorders.

Rectal Prolapse

Rectal prolapse is a condition where part or all of the rectum (the last part of the large intestine) slips down through the anus, often protruding outside the body. This can range from mild cases, where the rectum only partially descends, to severe cases where it fully protrudes. Rectal prolapse is more common in older adults, particularly women, though it can occur at any age.

Causes of Rectal Prolapse

Chronic Straining: Due to constipation or other bowel disorders.
Weak Pelvic Floor Muscles: Often seen in older adults and women after multiple pregnancies.
Nerve Damage: Conditions like spinal cord injuries or diseases that affect the nerves can weaken the muscles that support the rectum.

Bariatric

Bariatric surgery, also known as weight-loss surgery, involves procedures that help individuals lose weight by making changes to their digestive system. This is typically recommended for people with severe obesity or related health issues who haven’t achieved weight loss through diet, exercise, or other non-surgical methods. Common types of bariatric surgeries include:

Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y): In this procedure, the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a larger lower section. The small intestine is then rerouted to the small stomach pouch, reducing the amount of food that can be eaten and the calories absorbed.

Pilonidal Sinus

A pilonidal sinus is a small tunnel or cavity that forms in the skin, often near the top of the cleft of the buttocks. This condition is thought to be caused by hair penetrating the skin, which can lead to infection and the formation of an abscess or sinus tract. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, redness, and sometimes discharge of pus or blood from the affected area.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ingrown hairs: Loose hairs can become embedded in the skin, triggering inflammation and infection.
Prolonged sitting: This can increase pressure on the area and contribute to the formation of a sinus.

Abscess

An abscess is a pocket of pus that forms in tissues, organs, or spaces within the body, typically caused by a bacterial infection. When bacteria enter the body, the immune system responds by sending white blood cells to the area, which then accumulate and die, forming pus. This creates an enclosed area that can become red, swollen, and painful.

Types of Abscesses

Skin Abscesses: Commonly appear as boils or pus-filled lumps on the skin, especially in areas prone to friction, like the armpits or buttocks.
Internal Abscesses: Can develop inside organs, such as the liver or brain, or within body cavities (e.g., abdominal abscess).
Dental Abscesses: Occur around the tooth root or gum due to tooth decay, injury, or gum disease.

Varicose Veins

Varicose veins are swollen, enlarged, and twisted veins that typically appear on the legs and feet. They occur when vein valves weaken or become damaged, causing blood to pool and the veins to expand. These visible veins are often blue or purple and can be accompanied by symptoms such as aching, heaviness, and swelling in the affected area.

Causes and Risk Factors

Weak or Damaged Valves: Normally, one-way valves in veins keep blood flowing toward the heart. If these valves weaken, blood may flow backward and pool, causing the vein to stretch.
Age: As people age, veins can lose elasticity, increasing the risk of varicose veins.
Genetics: Family history is a significant risk factor.
Gender: Women are more likely to develop varicose veins, partly due to hormonal changes from pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause.

Dr. Nelson V Junghare

MBBS, M.S. General Surgery

FAIGES, FALS(Hernia), FISCP

Our Services

Piles

Causes of Piles

ZSR / Stapler

Hernia

Types of Hernias

Fissure

Causes of Anal Fissures

Appendix

Appendicitis

Symptoms of Appendicitis

Fistula

Causes of Anal Fistula

Gall Stone

Types of Gallstones

Rectal Prolapse

Causes of Rectal Prolapse

Bariatric

Pilonidal Sinus

Causes and Risk Factors

Abscess

Types of Abscesses

Varicose Veins

Causes and Risk Factors

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